|
Diogenes Laertius (;〔"Diogenes Laërtius", ''The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia'', 2013〕 , ''Diogenēs Laertios''; fl. c. 3rd century CE) was a biographer of the Greek philosophers. Nothing is definitively known about his life, but his surviving ''Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers'' is a principal source for the history of Greek philosophy. ==Life== Nothing is definitively known about his life, but Laertius must have lived after Sextus Empiricus (c. 200 CE), whom he mentions, and before Stephanus of Byzantium and Sopater of Apamea (c. 500 CE), who quote him. His work makes no mention of Neoplatonism, even though it is addressed to a woman who was "an enthusiastic Platonist".〔Diogenes Laërtius, iii. 47〕 Hence he is assumed to have flourished in the first half of the 3rd century, during the reign of Alexander Severus (222–235) and his successors. The precise form of his name is uncertain. The ancient manuscripts invariably refer to a "Laertius Diogenes", and this form of the name is repeated by Sopater〔Sopater, ap. Photius, ''Biblioth.'' 161〕 and the Suda.〔Suda, ''Tetralogia''〕 The modern form "Diogenes Laertius" is much rarer, used by Stephanus of Byzantium,〔Stephanus of Byzantium, ''Druidai''〕 and in a lemma to the Greek Anthology.〔Lemma to ''Anthologia Palatina'', vii. 95〕 He is also referred to as "Laertes"〔Eustathius, ''on Iliad'', M. 153〕 or simply "Diogenes".〔Stephanus of Byzantium, ''Enetoi''〕 The origin of the name "Laertius" is also uncertain. Stephanus of Byzantium refers to him as "Διογένης ὁ Λαερτιεύς" (''Diogenes ho Laertieus''),〔Stephanus of Byzantium, ''Cholleidai''〕 implying that he was the native of some town, perhaps the Laerte in Caria (or another Laerte in Cilicia). Another suggestion is that one of his ancestors had for a patron a member of the Roman family of the Laërtii.〔"Diogenes Laertius" entry, in William Smith (editor), (1870), ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology''. Retrieved from http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/1028.html.〕 The prevailing modern theory is that "Laertius" is a nickname (derived from the Homeric epithet ''Diogenes Laertiade'', used in addressing Odysseus) used to distinguish him from the many other people called Diogenes in the ancient world.〔Herbert S. Long, ''Introduction'', page xvi, in the 1972 reprint of Diogenes Laërtius, ''Lives of Eminent Philosophers'', Volume 1, Loeb Classical Library〕 His home town is unknown (at best uncertain, even according to a hypothesis that ''Laertius'' refers to his origin). A disputed passage in his writings has been used to suggest that it was Nicaea in Bithynia.〔Diogenes Laërtius, ix. 109. Specifically, Diogenes refers to "our Apollonides of Nicaea". This has been conjectured to mean either "my fellow-citizen" or "a Sceptic like myself".〕〔''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 4'', (1998), page 86.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diogenes Laërtius」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|